Amperometric Biosensor Based on Laccase Enzyme, Gold Nanoparticles, and Glutaraldehyde for the Determination of Dopamine in Biological and Environmental Samples

The present work reports the development and application of an amperometric biosensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with laccase enzyme, glutaraldehyde, gold nanoparticles (Lac-Glu-AuNPs/CPE) for determination neurotransmitter dopamine (DA). materials were characterized morphologically chemically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission (TEM), cyclic voltammetry. Optimization studies performed in order to determine optimal amount enzyme pH level that can yield best conditions analysis. technique yielded a linear concentration range 8.0 × 10−7–6.2 10−5 mol L−1 limit detection 6.0 10−8 L−1. proposed was successfully applied DA biological environmental samples. In addition, conduct electrochemical measurements showed sensing device has good repeatability stability, it does not suffer from matrix interference effects. exhibited analytical signal 85% after 10 days consecutive use.